Signs of Kidney Failure in Dogs

As a pet parent, you want to ensure your dog stays happy and healthy for as long as possible. However, some conditions, like kidney failure, can develop gradually and be difficult to recognize in the early stages. Kidney failure, or renal failure, occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to properly filter waste from the bloodstream. This can lead to serious health complications if left untreated. If you notice any signs of kidney failure in dogs, it’s essential to contact your veterinarian right away. At West Loop Veterinary Care in Chicago, we provide compassionate, high-quality veterinary services and can assess and treat your dog’s condition. Call us at (312) 421-2275 in West Loop or (312) 766-5959 in Streeterville to schedule an evaluation for your pet.
Early Symptoms of Kidney Failure in Dogs
One of the most challenging aspects of kidney failure is that symptoms often develop gradually. In the early stages, signs may be subtle and easy to overlook. However, recognizing them early can make a significant difference in your dog’s quality of life and treatment options.
Increased Thirst and Urination
Dogs with kidney failure often drink more water than usual and may need to urinate more frequently. This occurs because the kidneys are no longer effectively filtering waste, leading to excess water loss. While increased thirst can sometimes be attributed to other conditions, it is one of the most common early signs of kidney failure in dogs.
Loss of Appetite and Weight Loss
Dogs experiencing kidney failure may refuse food or eat significantly less than usual. Over time, this can lead to noticeable weight loss, muscle wasting, and a lack of energy.
Lethargy and Weakness
Dogs suffering from kidney failure often become less active and may seem unusually tired. If your dog is normally playful but suddenly prefers to sleep more than usual, it could be a sign that their kidneys are not functioning properly.
Advanced Signs of Kidney Failure in Dogs
As kidney failure progresses, symptoms become more severe and can impact multiple aspects of your dog’s health. At this stage, veterinary intervention is crucial.
Vomiting and Nausea
Toxins that the kidneys can no longer filter out begin to build up in the bloodstream, leading to nausea and vomiting. If your dog frequently vomits or appears nauseous, it could be due to kidney failure.
Bad Breath and Mouth Ulcers
Dogs with kidney failure often develop a distinct, ammonia-like odor on their breath due to toxin buildup. Additionally, kidney failure can lead to painful mouth ulcers, making it uncomfortable for your dog to eat or drink.
Pale Gums and Weakness
Kidney disease can lead to anemia, which reduces the number of red blood cells in circulation. This can cause pale gums, overall weakness, and difficulty standing or walking.
Causes and Risk Factors for Kidney Failure in Dogs
Understanding the causes of kidney failure can help pet owners be more proactive about their dog’s health. While some causes are preventable, others may be due to genetics or aging.
Acute vs. Chronic Kidney Failure
Kidney failure can be classified as either acute or chronic. Acute kidney failure occurs suddenly and is often caused by toxin exposure, infections, or dehydration. Chronic kidney failure develops gradually over time, usually due to aging, hereditary factors, or long-term conditions such as high blood pressure.
Common Risk Factors
Several factors increase a dog’s risk of developing kidney failure, including:
- Age – Older dogs are more susceptible to chronic kidney disease.
- Breed predisposition – Certain breeds, such as Golden Retrievers, Cocker Spaniels, and Bull Terriers, are more prone to kidney disease.
- Toxin exposure – Ingesting antifreeze, certain medications, or contaminated food can cause acute kidney failure.
- Underlying health conditions – Conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure can contribute to kidney dysfunction.
How Veterinarians Diagnose Kidney Failure in Dogs
If you suspect your dog may be showing signs of kidney failure, your veterinarian will perform a thorough evaluation to confirm the diagnosis. Diagnostic tests help determine the severity of the condition and the best course of action for treatment.
Blood Tests and Urinalysis
A blood test measures kidney function by assessing levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine—two waste products that accumulate when the kidneys fail. A urinalysis can also reveal abnormalities such as protein loss, bacteria, or diluted urine, all of which are common in kidney disease.
Imaging Tests
Ultrasounds and X-rays allow your vet to assess kidney size and detect abnormalities like kidney stones, tumors, or structural damage.
Blood Pressure Monitoring
Since high blood pressure can contribute to kidney disease, your vet may often check a dog’s blood pressure to identify any issues.
Supporting a Dog with Kidney Failure
While kidney failure is not always curable, treatment and lifestyle adjustments can help improve a dog’s quality of life.
- Dietary Changes: Your veterinarian may recommend a special low-protein, low-phosphorus diet to reduce the workload on the kidneys and slow disease progression.
- Hydration Therapy: Dogs with kidney failure are prone to dehydration, so providing ample fresh water is essential. In some cases, subcutaneous fluid therapy may be necessary to maintain hydration levels.
- Medication and Supportive Care: Depending on the severity of kidney failure, medications may be prescribed to help manage symptoms such as high blood pressure, nausea, or anemia.
When Should You Contact Your Veterinarian?
If you notice any signs of kidney failure in your dog, prompt veterinary care is essential. Early intervention can make a significant difference in your pet’s comfort and longevity. Contact West Loop Veterinary Care at (312) 421-2275 in West Loop or (312) 766-5959 in Streeterville to schedule an appointment today
West Loop:
(312) 421-2275
Streeterville:
(312) 766-5959